The groundbreaking feminist artist's admirable oeuvre is finally given the limelight in a new Paris exhibition.
Who? “I turn myself into a drawing,” wrote Portuguese artist Helena Almeida,
whose work is a fascinating amalgamation between performance art,
photography, painting and drawing. Born in Lisbon in 1934, Almeida is
the daughter of sculptor Leopoldo de Almeida, who clearly influenced the
young artist to join the painting course at Lisbon’s School of Fine
Arts at the fledgling age of 21. After marrying architect Artur Rosa,
Almeida obtained a scholarship which allowed her to study art in Paris;
from 1964 onwards, Rosa assisted Almeida, capturing his wife’s
performing body as she began to combine photography, painting and
performance art. Her groundbreaking interdisciplinary approach resulted
in the work for which she is appropriately celebrated for today.
What? Almeida started out making three-dimensional
paintings, but soon grew to resent the absence of self-representation in
the form. By 1969 she had turned to photography instead, finding that
the medium permitted her to incorporate painting, performance art, body
art and drawing into her practice, and to reinterpret her own body as a
sculpture. That same year, she exhibited a photograph of herself wearing
a canvas, and the image marks the beginning of the artist's
groundbreaking move to identify her body with the being of her work.
Untitled, 1967 Helena Almeida, Photography by Filipe Braga, © Fundação de Serralves, Porto
Despite being her own model, Almeida provocatively maintains that her
works are not self-portraits; rather, she uses her body as an object,
producing carefully choreographed images in which the body undergoes a
number of actions: from wearing a canvas, to turning her back to the
camera and provocatively lifting the hem of her skirt. She once remarked
on her own presence in her work: “I wasn’t going to hire a model when I
myself was in the studio… I know what positions I need to place myself
in, which postures I should assume and how to understand the settings...
But it’s not me. It’s as though I were another person.”
Untitled, 1968 Helena Almeida, Photography by Filipe Braga, © Fundação de Serralves, Porto
The legacy of conceptual art is tangible in Almeida’s appropriation of
the striking blue strokes of paint she often employed, reminiscent of
Yves Klein’s trademark hue, ‘International Klein Blue.’ These flashes of
colour appear repeatedly in Almeida’s work, menacingly blotting out the
artist’s face in one image, and operating as barrier that Almeida is
tearing apart with her hands in another. Almeida disagreed with Klein’s
use of women in his own practice, and responded to it with artistic
ferocity, tenaciously tearing the colour apart and emerging from the
supposed void behind.
Why? Almeida’s work is a refreshing combination of a
number of distinct art forms, which she successfully combined by
introducing paint into photographs of her own performance and body art. A
tantalising new exhibition, entitled Corpus at Paris’ Jeu de
Paume, features a vast offering of the artist’s work from the 1960s to
the present day. Almeida is quite rightly recognised as a dynamic leader
of the unique brand of experimental art which emerged from the
Modernist crisis in 1960s Europe; her work opens up prevalent questions
about the porousness of artistic practice, the reproduction of images,
and questions around the representation of the artist’s body. The
exhibition is a timely homage to an unsung heroine of conceptual art.
Pintura Habitada [Inhabited Painting], 1975 Helen Almeida, Photography by Filipe Braga, © Fundação de Serralves, Porto
Desenho Habitado [Inhabited Drawing], 1975 Photography Mário Valente, courtesy MNAC, Museu do Chiado, Lisbon
Tela habitada [Inhabited Canvas], 1976 Helen Almeida, Photography by Mário de Oliveira, courtesy CAM— Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, Lisbon
Ouve-me [Hear Me], 1979 Helen Almeida, Photography by Laura Castro Caldas & Paulo Cintra
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